Exam: 501759RR - Ethics in Prison, Probation, and Parole
1. The problem with reward power is that it's
A. easily confused with expert power.
B. often perceived by superiors as coercion.
C. often perceived by inmates as favoritism.
D. impossible to apply fairly.
2. The biggest ethical issue revolving around incarceration of suspected terrorists is
A. torture.
B. preventive detention.
C. profiling.
D. deportation.
3. Community corrections encompass
A. maximum-security prisons.
B. solitary confinement.
C. minimum-security prisons
D. halfway houses.
4. Apprehending shoplifters is normally the responsibility of
A. local police.
B. loss prevention investigators.
C. LP managers.
D. store detectives.
5. The document used as a guide to determine how an offender is classified within the correctional
institution is the
A. Cognitive Thinking Skills packet.
B. Pre-Sentence Investigation Report.
C. community corrections analysis.
D. guilty plea.
6. Of the most common personality types found in inmates, the one that's defined by rapidly shifting
emotions, rash decision-making, dramatic and exaggerated emotionability, and excessive self-centeredness
is the _______ personality.
A. borderline
B. narcissistic
C. histrionic
D. antisocial
7. A major issue encouraging ethical deviations when CCTV is used is the
A. ease with which video can be manipulated.
B. high number of blacked out areas.
C. lack of sound.
D. lack of state regulation.
8. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in 1999, nearly _______ percent of
Americans have a diagnosable mental illness.
A. 20
B. 10
C. 25
D. 15
9. The agency approach to prosecuting suspected terrorists
A. most closely adheres to Bill of Rights requirements.
B. negates an attorney's obligation to protect the innocent.
C. reflects the fact that legal action can be deemed unethical.
D. reinforces the concept of innocent until proven guilty.
10. Employees of the criminal justice system must not divulge medical information about incarcerated
individuals because that information is protected by the _______ Act.
A. Privacy
B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
C. Patriot
D. Freedom of Information
11. In Padilla v. Hanft, the Supreme Court
A. specified the criteria the U.S. had to use to determine if someone is an enemy combatant.
B. clarified the expression "providing material support to a terrorist organization."
C. failed to establish criteria for justifying indefinite detention of a man the president claimed was an enemy combatant.
D. declared just how dangerous an individual must be to be sentenced to prolonged detention.
12. The issue that makes racial profiling an ethical question is whether or not it's used
A. in conjunction with behavior.
B. toward American citizens.
C. toward African Americans.
D. justifiably for investigative purposes.
13. Correctional officers rely on _______ power primarily to get inmates to comply with the rules.
A. coercive and reward
B. coercive and referent
C. legitimate and expert
D. expert and coercive
14. According to the Federal Rules of Evidence, an expert is one who
A. is called to explain scientific evidence in layman's terms.
B. must serve when appointed by the court.
C. can testify based on his or her knowledge, skills, experience, training, and education.
D. may not be hired by the prosecution.
15. The first step in being able to act ethically inside the prison system is to
A. know the policies of the institution.
B. find out who the power brokers are.
C. buck the chain of command.
D. recognize that formal training doesn't apply in real-life prison situations.
16. Lies that provide false information to elicit a specific response are known as
A. true-evidence ploys.
B. decoy statements.
C. intrinsic lies.
D. extrinsic lies.
17. The two major justifications for treatment and punishment are
A. incapacitation and deterrence.
B. retribution and prevention.
C. restorative justice and prevention.
D. just deserts and retribution.
18. Community corrections is usually the responsibility of
A. the prosecutor's office.
B. probation and parole personnel.
C. minimum-security prison personnel.
D. halfway house administration.
19. The rationale for punishment and correction comes from
A. Rawls's theory.
B. the social contract theory.
C. utilitarianism.
D. egoism.
20. Critics of the Patriot Act say that
A. too many agencies have access to classified information.
B. the government takes advantage of loosened evidentiary standards in investigations not related to terrorism.
C. suspected terrorist plots aren't as rampant as once thought.
D. communication among departments is even worse than before the act was passed.
Exam: 501758RR - Legal Professionals and Prosecution
1. Prosecutor Ray Thomas has discovered that he prosecuted an innocent man. It's now his ethical
responsibility to
A. remedy the conviction.
B. apply to the parole board.
C. tell the defense attorney to reopen the case.
D. do nothing.
2. Burying an opposing counsel in frivolous discovery paperwork is a violation of ABA Model Rule
A. 1.4 Communication.
B. 1.3 Due Diligence.
C. 3.4 Fairness to Opposing Party and Counsel.
D. 3.3 Candor Toward the Tribunal.
3. Procrastinating on a legal case violates ABA Model Rule for
A. meritorious claims.
B. communication.
C. due diligence.
D. fairness to opposing party.
4. The primary theme of _______ ethics is impartiality.
A. prosecutorial
B. judicial
C. defense-lawyer
D. utilitarian
5. If an attorney wants to write a book about a case he or she is involved in, that attorney
A. is prohibited from doing so.
B. may only use a ghostwriter.
C. may not negotiate with a publisher until he or she no longer represents the affected client.
D. must include his client as co-author.
6. Which of the following statements regarding judicial behavior is true?
A. A judge has no duty to conclude judicial processing with reasonable punctuality.
B. Judges have the least discretion in interpreting the law and deciding sentences.
C. The primary theme of judicial ethics is impartiality.
D. The judiciary doesn't have its own code of ethics.
7. If an attorney knows his client has lied on the stand, that attorney is ethically required to
A. recuse himself from the case.
B. do nothing.
C. recall his client to the stand and re-ask the question.
D. notify the court.
8. A lawyer can ethically reveal the confidences of a client when the
A. client consents.
B. lawyer is convinced the information will help his client's case.
C. lawyer must share the information with the prosecutor during a plea bargaining.
D. lawyer discovers the client lied on the stand.
9. During a court case, it was determined that both the litigants and their attorneys had made contributions
to the judge's election campaign. It was therefore ethically essential that the
A. attorneys for the litigants demand the judge recuse himself.
B. judge recuse himself if he found that the donations hindered his ability to be impartial.
C. judge recuse himself no matter what.
D. attorney resign from the case.
10. Which of the following statements applies to the judicial process?
A. Specific rules exist concerning when a prosecutor and a judge can discuss an ongoing case without the presence of a defense
attorney.
B. If the defense files a motion requesting pertinent evidence, a prosecutor must hand it over.
C. A prosecutor can communicate with a defendant outside the presence of the defendant's attorney.
D. A prosecutor should never take steps to avoid allowing false testimony on the stand.
11. A lawyer's promise to maintain confidentiality may be broken if
A. a crime is being committed.
B. the lawyer is talking to another lawyer.
C. the information is a matter of public knowledge.
D. the senior partner of his or her firm demands it.
12. An attorney's membership in the American Bar Association
A. isn't required for him/her to practice law.
B. automatically makes him or her a member of his state's bar association.
C. is required only if he or she is a prosecutor.
D. is required before taking the bar exam.
13. If the client tells the attorney where the murder weapon is and the attorney goes to check, the attorney
must then
A. offer the weapon to the police.
B. do nothing.
C. return the weapon to the client and ask him or her not to display the object again.
D. tell the judge only but not the police.
14. Which of the following statements regarding the action of prosecutors is true?
A. A prosecutor is allowed much less discretion than other criminal justice professionals.
B. A prosecutor has no duty to the public as a representative of the state.
C. A prosecutor must seek justice, not merely a conviction.
D. A prosecutor is allowed to pursue charges when there's no probable cause.
15. It's true that bar associations
A. are only authorized to sanction attorneys for criminal code violations.
B. sanction attorneys for ethical violations.
C. can't sanction attorneys for ethical violations.
D. are well staffed to handle complaints.
16. Frivolous legal claims are those that
A. call for the reversal of existing law.
B. aren't winnable.
C. don't have merit.
D. have a great amount of arguable issues.
17. Ethics rules prohibit an attorney from representing a client at a trial when the attorney
A. has a financial stake in the outcome of the trial.
B. will be called as a witness.
C. is related to the client.
D. has other clients with similar issues.
18. The American Bar Association's judicial code emphasizes that judges should avoid _______ as well as
actual bias.
A. the appearance of bias
B. extrajudicial activities that might cause bias
C. accusations of bias
D. the appearance of impropriety
19. If an attorney believes that he or she isn't competent to handle a case, he or she may ethically do all of
the following except
A. accept the case but work with another attorney.
B. accept the case on behalf of another attorney.
C. decline the case.
D. accept the case and try to get up to speed on the material.
20. Which of the following statements applies to lawyer-client confidentiality?
A. A lawyer can ethically reveal client confidences when disclosure is required by law or court order.
B. A lawyer can't ethically reveal client confidences for self-defense against an accusation of wrongful conduct.
C. A lawyer can ethically reveal client confidences when learning, after the fact, that the client lied on previous testimony to the
court.
D. A lawyer can't ethically reveal client confidences even if the client consents.
Exam: 501757RR - Ethics and Law Enforcement Practices
1. The Knapp Commission investigated the New York City police department during the 1960s because it
was a system where _______ was pervasive.
A. nepotism
B. sexism
C. drug use
D. bribery
2. The formal law enforcement code of ethics promoted by the International Association of Chiefs of
Police is a code that
A. provides principles or guidelines that relate to the value system of the organization.
B. specifies ideal behavior in an aspirational manner.
C. generally describes the tenets of professional conduct.
D. provides mandatory rules of conduct that can serve as a basis of discipline.
3. The most scholarly viewpoint on how criminal justice professionals learn ethical and unethical behavior
is the _______ approach.
A. values-learned
B. values-added
C. differential
D. rational-choice
4. The primary mission of policing established by Sir Robert Peel was to
A. control riots.
B. implement a police hierarchy.
C. prevent crime and disorder.
D. investigate crimes.
5. _______ justice is associated with the determination of and methods of punishment.
A. Natural
B. Commutative
C. Corrective
D. Distributive
6. The idea that an employee's attitude toward work is largely influenced by his or her individual characteristics comes from the _______ model.
A. ethics
B. environmental
C. importation
D. trait
7. With the passage of _______, community police departments were allocated money by Congress.
A. Alternative Policing Strategy
B. Neighborhood Watch
C. the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
D. the President's Crime Commission of 1965
8. Which of the following actions is consistent with the police subculture?
A. Respect for individual rights
B. Restraint in the use of force
C. Use of illegal investigation tactics
D. Consistent truth-telling
9. _______ justice is concerned with the allocation of goods and burdens of society to its respective
members.
A. Commutative
B. Equal
C. Corrective
D. Distributive
10. The watchman style of policing evolved due to
A. the Boston Tea Party.
B. the Gold Rush of 1849.
C. urbanization.
D. railroad construction.
11. The key that makes gift-giving to law enforcement personnel unethical is whether or not
A. the gift-giver is senior or junior to the recipient.
B. the gift is given before or after services are rendered.
C. services will be expected in return.
D. the value of the gift exceeds $500.
12. The tendency to rationalize one's behavior, avoid pain, gain rewards, and weigh risks and benefits while
learning unethical behavior is explained by the _______ theory.
A. noble-cause
B. values-learned
C. rational-choice
D. legitimacy
13. Individuals who say their unethical actions were justified because nobody got hurt are using the
responsibility-neutralizing technique called
A. appeal to higher loyalty.
B. denial of injury.
C. denial of the victim.
D. denial of responsibility.
14. Police deviance, including unethical behavior, can be perpetuated by
A. cadet training.
B. low managerial supervision of line officers.
C. partner oversight.
D. micromanagement.
15. The clearest reward a cadet can earn by learning the do's and don'ts of the police subculture is
A. merits.
B. medals.
C. inclusion in the subculture.
D. promotion.
16. "Hostile environment" and "quid pro quo sexual harassment" were defined in
A. Dole v. Ward.
B. Katz v. Siempre.
C. Miranda v. Arizona.
D. Katz v. Dole.
17. _______ justice is associated with transactions in which one person feels unfairly treated.
A. Commutative
B. Corrective
C. Natural
D. Distributive
18. The Wickersham Commission was established by President
A. Nixon.
B. Eisenhower.
C. Hoover.
D. Kennedy.
19. The 1929 Wickersham Commission investigated corruption in the form of
A. political kickbacks.
B. neighborhood shakedowns.
C. violations of liquor prohibition.
D. bribery of senior police staff.
20. Which of the following is an element of community policing?
A. Focusing on emergency response
B. Maintaining an anonymous relationship with the community
C. Moving decision-making and discretion upward to office supervisors
D. Encouraging citizens to help in preventing and solving crimes
Exam: 501756RR - Morality, Ethics, Behavior, and the Law
1. According to Braswell, McCarthy, and McCarthy, criminal justice ethics is shaped by all of the following
except
A. criminal justice.
B. a personal sense of justice.
C. the U.S. Constitution.
D. social context.
2. Amendments to the U.S. Constitution upheld most commonly by the criminal justice professional are
A. IV, V, VI, VIII, and XIV.
B. I, III, V, and VI.
C. IV, V, VII, VIII, and XIV.
D. I, II, IV, V, and VI.
3. Which of the following is an ethical system that stresses not using the individual as a means to an end?
A. Utilitarianism
B. Natural law
C. Egoism
D. Ethical formalism
4. One reason we give to charity is because we've learned that we get a reward in the form of goodwill and
self-satisfaction from giving. Which psychological theory of morality postulates this dynamic?
A. Predeterminers
B. Learning
C. Utility
D. Moral stage
5. Which of the following is an ethical system that focuses solely on the inherent nature of the act being
judged?
A. Teleological system
B. Deontological system
C. Utilitarianism
D. Ethics of care
6. When deciding cases, the U.S. Supreme Court usually relies on the _______ approach.
A. hedonistic
B. deontological
C. teleological
D. common sense
7. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There's a vast difference between the formal code of ethics and actual police behavior.
B. If a department head is ethical, then the entire department is ethical.
C. The "blue curtain of silence" has been wiped out in most departments.
D. Under the formal ethical code, police officers can accept gratuities from business owners as long as they follow specific rules.
8. Which of the following is a law that gives criminal justice professionals authority to maneuver around the
Fourth Amendment?
A. Fifth Amendment
B. Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001
C. Patriot Act
D. Caldero v. Crank
9. One reason the criminal justice system is considered ethically dangerous is that individuals have
A. a great deal of interaction with the ethically challenged.
B. discretion over following the letter of the law.
C. no say as to whether they must follow the spirit of the law.
D. no formal training in ethics.
10. A criminal justice professional must be able to justify an ethical decision based on
A. the law.
B. a work handbook.
C. his or her own set of values.
D. precedents.
11. The _______ Amendment of the Constitution provides for the right to counsel in fighting a criminal
charge.
A. Second
B. Sixth
C. Fifth
D. Fourth
12. Under which of the following ethical systems is the killing of innocent civilians justifiable?
A. Utilitarianism
B. Religion
C. Ethics of care
D. Ethical formalism
13. The theory of stages of moral development is attributed to which of the following authors?
A. Lawrence Kohlberg
B. Jeremy Bentham
C. Karl Menninger
D. Emmanuel Kant
14. You're a police officer who has been using an informant to infiltrate a dangerous gang that imports guns
into your state. You know that the informant has been coming very close to getting caught lately and is currently under the suspicion of a powerful gang member. The informant is in grave danger, yet he has been getting great information for you lately. You nevertheless send him in without a gun or weapon so as
not to compromise his undercover status. Which of the following ethical systems most clearly would not
allow this?
A. Egoism
B. Natural law
C. Utilitarianism
D. Ethical formalism
15. Opponents of rehabilitation efforts in penal institutions get support for their position by pointing to Martinson's study, which says that
A. the success or failure of rehabilitation can't be determined in the amount of time an average prisoner spends in jail.
B. people who are "rehabilitated" still commit crimes once released from prison.
C. retribution works better than rehabilitation.
D. the American public isn't willing to pay for rehabilitation programs.
16. Positivist criminology puts the spotlight on
A. what the victim could have done to prevent the crime.
B. retribution.
C. the criminal rather than the crime.
D. incarceration rather than community service.
17. Harvey and Liza are discussing ethics. Harvey says that ethics is a range of moral principles that steers our behavior. Liza says that ethics is the duty to do the right thing. Who is correct?
A. Both are correct.
B. Only Harvey is correct.
C. Only Liza is correct.
D. Neither are correct.
18. A proactive police aimed at preventing future offenses includes
A. deterrence.
B. retribution.
C. restitution.
D. retaliation.
19. The "eye for an eye" retributive philosophy is rooted in the
A. Code of Hammurabi.
B. U.S. Constitution.
C. Bill of Rights.
D. Koran.
20. Theories that say individuals act because it's their duty to do so are called _______ theories.
A. psycho-intuitive
B. teleological
C. deontological
D. utilitarian
